EVANS MOTORCYCLE WATERLESS COOLANT

Chemical Limitations of Water Although water is cheap and readily available, it is also the root cause of corrosion within engine cooling systems. Water when heated drives off a significant proportion of dissolved oxygen, but as it cools reabsorbs fresh oxygen. This cycle leads to a perpetual cycle of corrosion, which is accentuated in classic vehicles with no expansion chamber. Water also acts as an electrolyte if dissolved solids, such as hardness salts (lime scale) etc., are present. This promotes galvanic corrosion where metals of high nobility sacrifice themselves to metals of lower nobility – this is often manifested by pitting. Corrosion inhibitor formulations have changed many times over the years, but not always for the better. Nitrite, silicate, borate and azole based products have been around for many years, with Organic Acid Technology (OAT) inhibitors appearing more recently. OAT formulations are often branded as ‘Long-Life’ based on their five year life-span, compared with 1-2 years for standard antifreeze formulations. Although OAT-EG-Water mixtures are now used in most new car engines, they have proven less successful in older vehicles and heavy duty diesel engines (HDDE). After several years of trying OAT based products many HDDE OEMs and fleet operators reverted to nitrite and/or Hybrid OAT (HOAT) formulations. One reason for this u-turn was that OAT formulations offer little protection against liner pitting. To maintain effective inhibitor levels it is often necessary to retro-dose with Supplemental Coolant Additives or SCAs. It is common for SCA’s to be under or over dosed leading to accelerated corrosion rates, cylinder liner pitting or blocking up of radiator channels with congealed inhibitor. Evans Waterless Coolants contain little oxygen and are comparatively poor conductors in comparison to water based coolants. Subsequently metal corrosion and coolant degradation is eliminated. For these reasons Evans Waterless Engine Coolants can be considered 4LIFE! Physical Limitations of Water Since the 1930's engine coolants have been based on a mixture of ethylene glycol, water and corrosion inhibitors. All such mixtures have inherent physical and chemical limitations that restrict engine performance and affect reliability. Evans Waterless Coolants represent a major step forward in engine cooling and engine protection technology. Within an engine cooling system the hottest surfaces are those adjacent to the combustion chamber, specifically the cylinder liners and cylinder head. Evans have proven that in these areas Glycol-Water mixtures regularly cross the thermal boundary that separates Efficient Nucleate Boiling (B in Fig.1) from Inefficient Critical Heat Flux (CHF). CHF is synonymous with the condition Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB). When DNB occurs in an engine cooling system a film of steam bubbles form adjacent to the engine hot-spots (A in Fig.1). This is also refered to as Film Boiling. Because steam dissipates less than 1/30th of the heat that water does, local metal temperatures over-heat rapidly. This leads to a viscious cycle of over-heating. This over-heating and excessive thermal stress leads to several problems including; • Distortion of the cylinder head and liners • Pre-ignition (engine knock) in carburetted engines • Reduced combustion efficiency and detonation issues in fuel injected engines • Erosion caused by pitting around the liner, cylinder head and coolant pump • Cavitation caused by vapour escaping - due to pressure drops occuring within the cooling pump • Boil-Over when running and After-Boil when the engine is stopped Caterpiller state that "Over-heating is the most common cause of engine down-time and responsible for >50% of catastrophic engine failures". How it works Water is an excellent fluid for cooling whilst in a liquid state, but when water turns to steam it has virtually no capacity for heat transfer. Evans is a superior fluid for transferring heat in engines because it remains in a liquid state until above 180°C. This article details the benefits of a significantly higher boiling point. Within an engine cooling system the hottest surfaces are those adjacent to the combustion chamber, specifically the cylinder liners and cylinder head. In these hot spots water is likely to vaporise preventing efficient cooling and causing loss of performance and unnecessary engine damage (see physical limitations of water). When the coolant fails in this way the engine becomes even hotter causing more hot spots and more steam. Evans waterless coolants will not boil around these engine hotspots maintaining efficient cooling performance even when the engine is put under extreme conditions. When water turns to steam it pressurises the cooling system putting strain on hoses and other components. The significantly higher boiling point of Evans coolants means 75% less pressure than water resulting in a less stressed cooling system. Water contains oxygen which causes corrosion and also allows electrolytic activity which further damages engine metals (see chemical limitations of water). Evans waterless coolants eliminate corrosion and electrolytic activity significantly increasing the life of the engine. Application Road and Race Bike engines primarily fabricated from aluminium with steel and copper components Typical Characteristics Physical State : Low Viscosity Synthetic Liquid Boiling Point : Above 180°C Freezing Point : Below -40°C Colour : Red Clear Odour : Almost odourless Taste : Slightly Sweet, Non-Toxic but not recommended for human consumption ASTM & ISO Standards Evans in association with ASTM committee D15.22 have developed a specific range of standards for waterless engine coolants. All Evans Coolants are manufactured in accordance with certified ISO procedural standards.